ABSTRACT
A fragmentação de um cateter intravascular foi primeiramente publicada em 1954 e, desde então, observamos notável evolução das técnicas de retirada de corpo estranho intravascular. A descrição pioneira de remoção não cirúrgica de corpo estranho data de 1964, com o relato da retirada de fragmento de fio-guia com auxílio de um fórceps de biópsia para broncoscópio. Apesar da disponibilidade de variados dispositivos dedicados, por vezes, para se ter sucesso, é necessária a adaptação de materiais. Relatamos aqui o caso de uma portadora de cateter Port-a-Cath em veia subclávia esquerda, implantado 5 anos antes, que rompeu a porção intravascular durante sua retirada, tendo sido removido com sucesso por via percutânea.
The first report of an intravascular catheter fragmentation was published in 1954 and ever since we have observed a remarkable evolution in the techniques of intravascular foreign body removal. The pioneer description of non-surgical foreign body removal dates back to 1964, with the report of a guidewire fragment withdrawal using a bronchoscopy biopsy forceps. Despite the availability of several dedicated devices, materials may have to be adapted at times to achieve technical success. We report the case of a patient with a Port-a-Cath catheter in the left subclavian vein, which had been placed 5 years before and whose intravascular portion was broken during withdrawal. It was successfully removed using the percutaneous approach.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Foreign Bodies , Device Removal/methods , Subclavian Vein/physiopathologyABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: A rejeição constitui-se em uma das principais causas de mortalidade após o transplante cardíaco pediátrico. O peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP) tem sido estudado como método no diagnóstico de rejeição aguda, especialmente em pacientes adultos submetidos a transplante cardíaco. OBJETIVO:Correlacionar o nível sérico de BNP à rejeição aguda diagnosticada pela biópsia endomiocárdica em pacientes do grupo de transplante cardíaco pediátrico. MÉTODOS:Foram coletadas 50 amostras de BNP de 33 crianças em pós-operatório de transplante cardíaco e analisados dados de idade, sexo, cor, grupo sangüíneo, painel imunológico, tempo de evolução após o transplante, classe funcional, imunossupressão utilizada e número de rejeições. RESULTADOS:Foram 33 crianças com idade mediana de 10,13 anos, predomínio do sexo feminino (54%) e da cor branca (78%). No momento da dosagem de BNP o tempo médio de transplante foi 4,25 anos. A biópsia endomiocárdica diagnosticou nove rejeições em oito pacientes (27%), sendo três com grau 3 A, cinco com grau 2 e um com rejeição humoral. No momento da biópsia, a maioria dos pacientes encontrava-se assintomática. O nível sérico de BNP foi em média 77,18 pg/ml, sendo 144,22 pg/ml no grupo com rejeição e 62,46 pg/ml no grupo sem rejeição, com p = 0,02. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças assintomáticas podem apresentar rejeição aguda no pós-operatório de transplante cardíaco. O nível sérico de BNP apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante no grupo com rejeição, podendo ser método adicional no diagnóstico de rejeição cardíaca.
BACKGROUND: Rejection is one of the major causes of mortality following pediatric heart transplant. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been studied as a method for the diagnosis of acute rejection, especially in adult patients undergoing heart transplant. OBJECTIVE: To correlate serum BNP levels with acute rejection as diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy in patients of the pediatric heart transplant group. METHODS: A total of 50 BNP samples were collected from 33 children in the postoperative period of heart transplant, and data on age, gender, skin color, blood group, immune panel, follow-up time after transplant, functional class, immunosuppressive regimen used and number of rejections were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty three children with median age of 10.13 years were analyzed; of these, 54% were females and 78% were Caucasians. BNP levels were determined at a mean time from transplant of 4.25 years. Nine episodes of rejection were diagnosed in eight patients (27%) by means of endomyocardial biopsy; of these, three were grade 3A, five were grade 2, and one had humoral rejection. At the moment of biopsy, most patients were asymptomatic. The mean serum BNP level was 77.18 pg/ml, with 144.22 pg/ml in the group with rejection and 62.46 pg/ml in the group without rejection, with p = 0.02. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic children can present acute rejection in the postoperative period of heart transplant. Serum BNP levels show a statistically significant difference in the group with rejection and thus can be an additional method in the diagnosis of cardiac rejection.
FUNDAMENTO: El rechazo constituye una de las principales causas de mortalidad tras el transplante cardiaco pediátrico. El péptido natriurético tipo B (BNP) ha sido estudiado como método en el diagnóstico de rechazo agudo, sobre todo en pacientes adultos sometidos a transplante cardiaco. OBJETIVO:Correlacionar el nivel sérico de BNP al rechazo agudo diagnosticado por biopsia endomiocárdica en pacientes del grupo de transplante cardiaco pediátrico. MÉTODOS:Se recolectaron 50 muestras de BNP de 33 niños en postoperatorio de transplante cardiaco, y se analizaron datos como edad, sexo, color, grupo sanguíneo, cuadro inmunológico, tiempo de evolución tras el transplante, clase funcional, inmunosupresión utilizada y número de rechazos. RESULTADOS:Se seleccionaron a 33 niños con edad promedio de 10,13 años, predominio del sexo femenino (54%) y de color blanca (78%). Al momento de la dosificación de BNP, el tiempo promedio de transplante fue de 4,25 años. La biopsia endomiocárdica diagnosticó nueve rechazos en ocho pacientes (27%), de ellos tres presentaron grado 3A, cinco grado 2 y uno rechazo humoral. Ya al momento de la biopsia, la mayoría de los pacientes se encontraba asintomática. El nivel sérico de BNP tuvo como promedio, 77,18 pg/ml; 144,22 pg/ml en el grupo con rechazo y 62,46 pg/ml en el grupo sin rechazo, con p = 0,02. CONCLUSIÓN: Niños asintomáticos pueden presentar rechazo agudo en el postoperatorio de transplante cardiaco. El nivel sérico de BNP presentó diferencia estadísticamente significante en el grupo con rechazo, lo que lo convierte en posible método adicional en el diagnóstico de rechazo cardiaco.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Heart Transplantation , Myocardium/pathology , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Biopsy , Biomarkers/blood , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective - Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery (AOLCARPA), is a rare entity that is usually associated with other defects. Of the 20 cases of AOLCARPA reported in the literature, 14 (70 per cent) had associations. We describe four patients with AOLCARPA without associated defects, but with a peculiar intramural aortic trajectory. Methods - Fifty-five patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery were operated upon at INCORFMUSP. Four of the patients had the anomalous origin from the right pulmonary artery (RPA) without associated defects but with intramural aortic trajetory. Clinical and laboratory examinations were analyzed, as well as surgical findings. Results - All patients had congestive heart failure (CHF) and 3 also had angina pectoris. Two patients had a murmur of mitral regurgitation, signs of myocardial infarction on the ECG and cardiomegaly. The shortening fraction varied from 9 per cent to 23 per cent. The hemodynamic study confirmed the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the coronary artery, but the intramural trajetory and the origin from the RPA were established only at surgery. In 3 patients, the technique of side-to-side anastomosis was performed with a good outcome. One patient, who underwent end-to-side anastomosis, died 6 months after the surgery. Conclusion - Association with other defects usually occurs in the AOLCARPA, and the intramural aortic trajectory is difficult to clinically diagnose but easy to surgically correct.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Aorta , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/physiopathology , Pulmonary Artery/abnormalities , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnosis , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/surgery , Heart Failure , Pulmonary Artery/surgeryABSTRACT
A 22 months old infant with agenesis of right pulmonary artery, without other associated congenital heart defects, is reported. Reconstruction of pulmonary arteries by connecting them through a 7mm Goretex tube was performed, with clear clinical improvement in view of disappearance of signs of cardiac insufficiency and of hypoxemia. Contralateral pulmonary hypertension, at systemic level, decreased to 77 in the immediate postoperative period. So, this technique becomes the first option, before considering these cases for cardiopulmonary transplantation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Pulmonary Artery , Hypertension, Pulmonary/surgery , Pulmonary Artery , Angiography , Electrocardiography , Cardiac Output, Low/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complicationsABSTRACT
A interrupçäo do arco aórtico constitui uma malformaçäo cardiovascular icomum, que geralmente está associada a grande canal arterial e comunicaçäo interventricular. O achado excepcional desta anomalia com canal arterial restrito é descrito em dois pacientes, mostrando sua forma de apresentaçäo clínica, sobretudo em estudo hemodinâmico. Descreve-se sua abordagem clínica e cirúrgica